The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum:
“On average, 9 out of every 1000, passengers who traveled on avia airlines last year filled a complaint about our baggage handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia’s passengers”

Discuss how well reasoned …etc

The argument that some of passengers are unhappy with baggage handling procedures & airlines authority assumes that it is not important to consider customer satisfaction therefore it omits some important concerns that must be addressed to substantiate the argument. The statement simply highlights the problem & ignores its effects of not taking it seriously. However, at several important junctures the author’s reasoning is insubstantial and therefore fallacious.

First of all, the author doesn’t address that improvement is the basic key to success for obtaining desired goal. It assumes that without improvement & accuracy in their baggage handling procedures they can achieve goal of increasing number of passengers. Second, the author assumes that majority of people are satisfied but there can be possibility that people who are not satisfied they have not complained it.

Moreover, the author assume that with poor baggage handling procedure & less customer satisfaction will not affect their reputation & keep giving them same level of business again & again. But if they review the procedure & try to check mistakes then they will not lose that 1% of passengers.

Furthermore, the argument doesn’t address that the average is drawn & used from specific group or it represent as a whole to make a generalization about the number of complaints. It can be possible that the average data may be collected from business class & not from passengers travelling in economy class if that’s the case then averages are misleading & authority should remember that economy class capture major portion of company’s profitability.

Because the argument leaves out several key issues, it is not sound & persuasive. If it takes into consideration the items discussed above then the argument would have been more thorough & convincing.

The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods:

“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its 25th birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”

Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.

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General Grammar Resources

http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/

http://newark.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Writing/

http://www.grammarstation.com

A, An, The (articles)

http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/words/activities/articles01.h tml
http://www.impactseries.com/star%20files/wwwboard/messages/4 .html
http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/grammar/main/article s.htm

http://www.rensselaer.edu/dept/llc/writecenter/web/esl.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.h tm#articles

http://efl.bravepages.com/grammar2.htm

Adjectives

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm

http://hem.passagen.se/peter9/gram/g_adj.html

http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0885349.html

http://www.grammarstation.com/KnowyourAdjectives.html

http://www2.actden.com/writ_den/tips/sentence/adjectiv.htm

http://grammar.englishclub.com/adjectives.htm

http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/ad jectve.html
http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/CS255/cusher/partsofspeech/adjecti ve.html

Nouns

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/nouns.htm

http://hem.passagen.se/peter9/gram/g_sub.html

http://www.grammarstation.com/KnowYourNouns.html

http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/CS255/cusher/partsofspeech/noun.ht ml

http://www2.actden.com/writ_den/tips/sentence/nouns.htm

http://www.ojohaven.com/collectives/

http://grammar.englishclub.com/nouns.htm

Adverbs

http://www.grammarstation.com/KnowYourAdverbs.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/adverbs.htm

http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/CS255/cusher/partsofspeech/adverb. html

Clauses

http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bl dcls.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/clauses.htm

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_clause.html

http://www.edict.com.hk/vlc/clauses/default.htm

http://eslbee.com/AdjClauses.htm

Plurals

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/plurals.htm

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_spelnoun.ht ml
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/irrplu.ht m
http://www.wm.edu/CAS/modlang/gasmit/grammar/nouns/plurals.h tm

Prepositions

http://hem.passagen.se/peter9/gram/g_prp.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions.htm

http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/CS255/cusher/partsofspeech/preposi tion.html

Pronouns

http://hem.passagen.se/peter9/gram/g_prn.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/pronouns1.htm

http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/CS255/cusher/partsofspeech/pronoun .html
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/us epronn.html

Verbs

http://hem.passagen.se/peter9/gram/g_vrb.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/verbs.htm

http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/CS255/cusher/partsofspeech/verb.ht ml
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/us everb.html

Verb Tenses

http://www.grammarstation.com/servlet/GrammarGuide?type=VB

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/esltensverb.html

http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/grammar/tenses.html

http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/us etense.html

http://www.pacificnet.net/~sperling/quiz/vtr.html

http://grammar.englishclub.com/verb-tenses.htm

http://www.ruthvilmi.net/hut/help/grammar_help/verbs.html

http://www.tc.cc.va.us/writcent/handouts/grammar/verbtens.ht m

http://www.lsilver.net/tense.htm

http://www.tc.cc.va.us/writcent/handouts/grammar/verbtens.ht m

Voice (active/passive)

http://www.grammarstation.com/servlet/GrammarGuide?type=ACTI VEPASSIVE
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_actpass.htm l

http://www.uvsc.edu/owl/handouts/active-passive-voice.html

http://grammar.englishclub.com/verbs-voice.htm

http://www.law.cuny.edu/wc/multilingual/active_passive.html

http://jade.ccccd.edu/cobb/passive.html

http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/grammar/active_and _passive_voice.htm
http://uark.edu/campus-resources/qwrtcntr/resources/handouts /activepassive.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atrium/5852/Voices/active_pa ssive.html

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm

(Countributed by David)

Note: You can add more links in comments, We will update it asap.