In the 1950′s astronomers were divided between those who believed the universe began in a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) with those who favored the model of an eternal and infinite steady-state universe.

(A) universe began in a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) with
(B) universe began with a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) and
(C) universe had a beginning a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) or
(D) universe’s beginning was a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) or
(E) universe’s beginning was a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) against

In the main, incidents of breakdowns in nuclear reactors have not resulted from lapses of high technology but commonplace inadequacies in plumbing and wiring.

(A) not resulted from lapses of high technology but
(B) resulted not from lapsesd high technology but from
(C) resulted from lapses not of high technology but have stemmed from
(D) resulted from lapses not of high technology but have stemmed from
(E) resulted not from lapses of high technology but have stemmed from